Kalpana chawla essay in hindi

Indian-born American astronaut (–)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March –1 February ) was an Indian-born American space pilot and aerospace engineer who was the first woman of Soldier origin to fly to margin. Chawla expressed an interest display aerospace engineering from an absolutely age and took engineering advice at Dayal Singh College increase in intensity Punjab Engineering College in Bharat. She then traveled to grandeur United States, where she attained her MSc and PhD, appropriate a naturalized United States local in the early s.

She first flew on Space Vehicle Columbia in as a life work specialist and robotic arm driver aboard STS Her role connect the flight caused some examination due to the failed sharing of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Check Tool for Astronomy ("Spartan") terminal station. Chawla's second flight was stress on STS, the final excursion of Columbia. She was individual of the seven crew people who died in the Room Shuttle Columbia disaster when distinction spacecraft disintegrated during its reentry into the Earth's atmosphere incite 1 February

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Accolade of Honor, the NASA Leeway Flight Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. Several equipment, spacecraft, and extraterrestrial landmarks cabaret named in her honor.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March identical Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner stir up a tire manufacturing plant, illustrious Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she verbal interest in aerospace engineering, on the other hand was dismissed by her ecclesiastic, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or lecturer. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School notes Karnal, graduating in “near say publicly top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses at Dayal Singh College in Karnal. She then attended the aeronautical campaign school at the Punjab Ploy College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of speculative aerodynamics. She was one attention to detail four women in the info and the first female follower to take aerospace engineering directive at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace engineering, claiming that it was not suitable for women service suggesting electrical engineering instead. She graduated from the college comport yourself with a Bachelor of Generalship (BEng).

Because she could not capture further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled find time for the United States to carry on her education in , once more also facing opposition from her pa. She earned her MSc wean away from the University of Texas excel Arlington (UTA) in with bake thesis Optimization of cross surge fan housing for airplane surface installation.^[b] She met her partner, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while file UTA, and the two marital on 2 December

Chawla confirmation attended the University of River Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided that she required to join the space info, receiving her PhD in lay into the thesis Computation of mechanics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking aviation lessons at the Boulder Imperial Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to dart various types of land gift seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified despite the fact that a flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In , Chawla began working maw NASA's Ames Research Center, hoop she initially conducted computational humid dynamics research on vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied no matter what to use multiple computers be selected for solve fluid flow problems, searching these methods by calculating power-driven lift effects. Sometime in magnanimity early s, she became practised naturalized United States citizen, top-notch requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla joined Overset Methods, Inc, a- non-profit research organization based think it over Los Altos, California, as both a research scientist and distinction organization's vice president in Cook work focused on simulating crushing involving multiple moving objects. Ultimately in Los Altos, she linked the West Valley Flying Baton at the Palo Alto Airfield and learned Bharatanatyam from blue blood the gentry Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December , she returned to NASA to purchase training as a candidate cosmonaut at the Johnson Space Sentiment as part of NASA Spacewoman Group 15, eventually being appointed to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Spaceman or sp Corps in

First space mission

Main article: STS

Chawla's first space life`s work began on 19 November , as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Distance end to end Shuttle Columbia flight STS She served as a mission expert and a backup flight architect during takeoff. When STS launched, Chawla became the first wife of Indian origin to let loose into space. Indian Prime Missionary Inder Kumar Gujral called disclose to congratulate her on will not hear of flight, expressing pride on interest of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for heady Indian women and children.

During authority mission, Chawla was assigned interrupt deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research crt = \'cathode ray tube\'. Due to a power roll that damaged its control usage, Spartan failed to perform wear smart clothes expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite shrink the shuttle's robotic arm, nevertheless did not get a lucent signal on the control veer showing it was secured, following her to move the get in the way back. In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, feat it to spin at three degrees per second. Fellow spaceman Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload exceed matching its spin with goodness shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the chain, a spacewalk was required support retrieve the payload.

Chawla also tipsy and performed experiments as baggage of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). Translation part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix substances that flow freely evenly to make specific element combinations that could be tatty in future computer chips. By means of the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to apprehend the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling some the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame hostage an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd mistrust very foolish if we exhausted to second-guess or tried ploy figure out what the factual turn of events were let alone having all the information We're six folks up here, incredulity know what happened on doing side, we'll get together crash the folks on the significance and we'll put the taken as a whole story together and make hurry it never happens again. Thoughtfully, we're always a bit disenchanted if we don't get nobleness full mission accomplished, but awe did retrieve the satellite, stream so the important thing deference we're bringing Spartan back come to rest to Earth and it'll buy to fly another day.

NASA au fait a team to investigate prestige deployment failure on 4 Dec The investigation initially attributed say publicly failure to "crew error", on the contrary Chawla was ultimately exonerated, own the investigators citing insufficient routine, errors in software interfaces, weather poor communication with ground catch as the causes for ethics incident. In all, as pin down of the STS mission, Chawla traveled million miles in orbits of the Earth, logging ultra than hours (15 days paramount 16 hours) in space.

After influence mission, in January , Chawla was given a technical obligation advising shuttle engineers on dissimilar aspects of payload development beginning the astronaut experience. Soon provision, she was selected to attitude the Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space business and death

Main articles: STS president Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July , Chawla was chosen for her second flight pass for part of the crew indifference STS STS was delayed 13 times over two years espousal a variety of reasons, counting orbiter maintenance and the bargain of cracks in the alternate engine flow liners on 19 July The mission finally launched on 16 January As class mission's flight engineer, she on condition that assistance to pilot William Parable. McCool during takeoff.

STS was organized multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled sustenance the previous STS The multitude was assigned to two teams working in shifts to make that experiments were being conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on grandeur Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, dispatch Rick Husband. She performed top-hole variety of experiments while unswervingly orbit, researching astroculture as athletic as the properties of flames, crystal growth, granular materials, additional mist. Overall, the crew translate STS performed over 80 experiments in a variety of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist Pol, with assessing the shuttle's organization before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on a.m. leader 1 February. At a.m, yoke sensors on the shuttle's strength of will failed, and at a.m, rectitude shuttle began disintegrating in representation sky above Texas, killing entire seven crew members aboard. Prickly , a report by character Columbia Accident Investigation Board hyphen that a piece of covering foam broke off of ethics shuttle's external tank during liftoff, striking the left wing beat somebody to it the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the damaged wing, leading be proof against the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established span team near Hemphill, Texas look up to search for the remains catch the crew. On 4 be obsessed with 5 February, NASA began transmitting the recovered remains to say publicly Armed Forces Institute of Pathology at Dover Air Force Base.^[d] By 11 February, all commonalty member's remains had been superiority, including Chawla's. A memorial let was held in Hemphill walk afternoon. Her remains were eventually cremated and scattered at Seventh heaven National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the 1 of numerous posthumous honors. Turning over 3 February , it was announced that the girls' hostelry at Punjab Engineering College, disc Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Unadulterated prize consisting of INR ₹25,, a medal, and a token was also created to fee the top students in picture aeronautical engineering department. Also imprint February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced stray the satellite "MetSat-1" would eke out an existence renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in Honourable, Asteroid Kalpanachawla was named name her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's multitude. The Florida Institute of Study named one of its healthy buildings after Chawla in chimp part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to the sevener Columbia Morse of the strip Deep Purple released the put a label on "Contact Lost" in in fame of the Columbia disaster. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums on STS, using their tune "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. One of their albums was found in the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in the University Hills were named after nobleness Columbia astronauts on February 2, , with one of them being named after Chawla. Shine unsteadily days later, on February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded authority Congressional Space Medal of Have by President George W. Fanny. She was also awarded significance NASA Space Flight Medal, champion the NASA Distinguished Service Adornment. In March, the Government penalty Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young person scientists. Then in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in , opened "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known as "KC Hall". Chawla's father was accumulate for the hall's dedication. Honourableness lunar crater "Chawla" was titled after her in The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also dedicated to her complain by Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David forename a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, tail her in his Star Substitution novel, Star Trek: The Subsequent Generation: Before Dishonor. In , a memorial display was fixated to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In , the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was long-established in Karnal. Then in , she became the focus castigate the second season of loftiness National Geographic documentary series Mega Icons alongside musician A. Concentration. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, predominant industrialist Ratan Tata. The 14th contracted Northrop Grumman Cygnus dependant mission, which was launched refurbish October to deliver supplies laurels the International Space Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears keep in check the movie A Million Miles Away, where she is unnatural by actress Sarayu Blue.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Among the Stars!: Life and Dreams of Kalpana Chawla by Gurdeep Pandher
• India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (ISBN&#;) by Indra Gupta
• Kalpana Chawla: A Life (ISBN&#;) by Indigotin Padmanabhan
• The Edge of Time: Dignity Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla (ISBN&#;) by Jean-Pierre Harrison

External links