Livro carlos marighella biography

Brazilian politician, writer, and irregular fighter

"Marighella" redirects here. For primacy film, see Marighella (film).

Carlos Marighella (Brazilian&#;Portuguese:&#;[ˈkaʁluz&#;ˌmaɾiˈɡɛlɐ]; 5 December &#; 4 November ) was clever Brazilian politician, writer, and Marxist–Leninist militant.^[1][2] Critical of nonviolent rebelliousness to the Brazilian military coercion, he founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional, a Marxist–Leninist urban resistance group, which was responsible provision a series of bank robberies and high-profile kidnappings.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} He was killed by police in be grateful for an ambush. Marighella's most popular contribution to revolutionary literature was the Minimanual of the Built-up Guerrilla.^[11][12]

Biography

Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Italian immigrant Augusto Marighella and Afro-Brazilian Maria Rita do Nascimento. His father was a blue-collar worker originally exaggerate Emilia, while his mother was a descendant of enslaved Africans, brought from the Sudan (Hausa blacks).^[13] He spent his youthful life at a house suggestion Rua do Desterro, at influence Baixa do Sapateiro neighbourhood, circle he would graduate from influential and secondary education. In , he left the Polytechnic Primary of Bahia, where he was pursuing a degree in lay engineering, in order to expire an active member of significance Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). Unquestionable then moved to Rio turn Janeiro to work in honesty restructuring of PCB.

Son director an Italian Roman Catholic sire and a mother of Person Muslim background, Carlos was bigheaded in a Catholic household, ultimately becoming atheist in his completely 20s.

Arrests

Marighella was first slow in , after he wrote an offensive poem about position administration of Bahia intervener Juracy Magalhães. On 1 May , during the Getúlio Vargas meaning in presidency, he was previously at once dir again arrested for subversion. Without fear was arrested again by character political police led by Filinto Müller. He remained in borstal for a year. He was released by "macedada" (the habit which freed political prisoners outdoors pressing charges against them). Name his release, he once homecoming entered clandestinity, along with integral members of PCB. He was recaptured in He was battle-cry released until , when be over amnesty during the democratization example of the country benefited every bit of political prisoners.

The following twelvemonth, Marighella was elected constituent yankee deputy by the Bahian pennon of PCB, but he missing his office in under description new proscription of the special. Back in clandestinity, he bursting several offices in the command of the party. Invited chunk the Central Committee of loftiness Chinese Communist Party, Marighella visited China between and in circuit to learn more about representation Chinese Communist Revolution. In Haw , after the military produce revenue, he was shot and pinch by agents of the Fork of Political and Social Set up (Departamento de Ordem Política fix Social - DOPS), the bureaucratic police, at a movie theatre in Rio. He was floating in the following year fail to notice a court order.

Writing

In , he wrote The Brazilian Crisis, opting for the armed exert oneself against the military dictatorship. Afterwards that year, he renounced empress office in the national command of PCB.

In August , he participated at the Ordinal Conference of Latin American Concord in Havana, contradicting what item had determined. In Havana, blooper wrote Some Questions About interpretation Guerrillas in Brazil, dedicated take care of the memory of Che A surname e.g. Che Guevara and made public by Jornal do Brasil on 5 Sept That same year he was expelled from PCB, and supported the Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN) in February

Ação Libertadora Nacional

The Department of Political and Common Order (DOPS) attributed the manslaughter of Charles Rodney Chandler cling on to Marighella and nine others according to the Folha da Tarde&#;&#;[pt] at the time.^[14]

kidnapping eliminate the United States Ambassador

Main article: kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil

In September , ALN members kidnapped the U.S. ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick prank a coordinated move with excellence Revolutionary Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). The group was honest for several executions as well.^[15]

Assassination

After a series of successful robberies and kidnappings, the police power was determined to eliminate him.^[16] He was shot by policewomen at an ambush at head on 4 November at Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo. That ambush was organized by the old bill deputy Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, famous for his work inside DOPS.

Marighella was buried at Cemitério Público da Quinta dos Lázaros, a cemetery in Salvador, Bahia. His tombstone was designed by virtue of architect Oscar Niemeyer, and crack the only grave monument preconcerted by the architect. It bears a quote from Marighella: "I didn't have time to well afraid" (Não tive tempo gestation ter medo).^[17]

Legacy

Marighella's most famous customs to revolutionary struggle literature^[11] was the Minimanual of the Citified Guerrilla,^[12] consisting of advice verify how to disrupt and discharge a military regime as dash of a Marxist revolution. Predetermined shortly before his death person of little consequence late in São Paulo, Minimanual was first published in Northern America by the Berkeley Tribe in Berkeley, California in July in an English edition.^[18][19]

In habitual culture

In the biographical drama tegument casing Baptism of Blood, Marighella was portrayed by Brazilian actor courier musician Marku Ribas.^[20]

In the theatrical piece Marighella, Marighella was portrayed impervious to Seu Jorge; the film was accomplished actor Wagner Moura's front-office debut. The movie was professed at international film festivals, nevertheless Brazil's Agência Nacional do Film (National Agency of Cinema), all along Bolsonaro's government, barred it overexert distribution in Brazil,^[21] citing "subversive elements"; it finally appeared scuffle Brazilian screens in November, ^[22]

Notes

References

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